Curriculum For Medical Biotechnology

CURRICULUM FOR MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

This MBT Curriculum suggest by……
       Prof. Shaikh Mizan, Head Department of Biochemistry, AKMMC
       Brig. General KMIS Haider AFMC
       Prof. Zinnat Ara Begum  CME
       Dr. Md. Zafor Sadique TMCC
       Dr. A.K.M Asaduzzaman CME
       Dr. Shahnaj Begum NICVD
       Dr. Sazzad Bin Shahid DMC
       Dr.Md. Rezaul Karim DMC
       Prof. Dr Begum Rokeya BIRDEM-BIHR
       Dr. Md. Sk Shahid Ullah NICVD

 Salient Features of the Post-Graduate Course in MBT
·         Degree MS
          Course duration: Three years
          Eligibility criteria: MBBS degree from any recognized medical college, or Masters in related subjects as Pharmacy, Bioechemistry, Molecular Biology, Virology, Microbiology, Genetic Engineering.
          Course Divided into: Course Works for Two years and Thesis for One year
          Course Work divided into: four semesters (6 months each)
          The department/program will help and cooperate with other post-graduate departments to develop and update biotechnology procedures and processes.

Semester Contents for Post Graduate Course on MBT
First semester:
          Fermentation Technology
          Molecular Analysis and Amplification Techniques
          Bioinformatics
          Recombinant DNA Technology
Second semester:
          The Expression of Foreign DNA in Bacteria
          Downstream Processing: Protein Extraction and Purification
          Yeast Cloning and Biotechnology
          Cloning Genes in Mammalian Cell-lines and Stem Cell Technology
Third semester:
          Transgenesis and Gene Therapy
          Genetically Modified Foods & Biosafety
          Protein Engineering
          Monoclonal Antibodies
          Vaccination and Gene Manipulation
Fourth semester:
          Molecular Diagnosis of Inherited Disease
          Applicatiion of BT in Pharmaceutical Research
          DNA in Forensic Science
          Biosensors
          Immobilization of Biocatalysts
Teaching / Learning strategy
Lecture
Demonstration
Seminars & Group discussion
Self-learning

Teaching Aids
THEORETICAL
Multimedia Projector
Computer and Internet
Board and marker
Models, Specimens
Study guides and manuals
Video tapes, TV, VCR, OHP

PRACTICAL
Given with each divisions

Assessment
In class assessments, Laboratory reports, Written and Oral examination at the end of Semester:
Written -50
SOE- 50
In class assessments and assignments -25
OSPE –25
Practical -50
Pass Marks –120

1.           Fermentation Technology


Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:
          Have the knowledge of the fermentation process, enzymes, metabolites, special products of fermentation,  controlling and improving  product formation.
          Have the skill of growing microorganisms in bulk amount, and control the conditions for optimization of the desired products, particularly from recombinant organisms
1 Introduction
2 Microbial Growth
3 Applications of Fermentation
3.1 Microbial Biomass
3.2 Microbial Metabolites
3.3 Microbial Enzymes
3.4 Transformation Processes
3.5 Recombinant Products
4 The Fermentation Process
4.1 The Mode of Operation of Fermentation Processes
5 Genetic Improvement of Product Formation
5.1 Mutation
5.2 Recombination
Autoclave
Incubator
Waterbath
Centrifuge
Fermentor
Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Presentation & Discussion-
10 hours

2.   Molecular Analysis and Amplification Techniques

Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Enzymes Used in Molecular Biology
2 Extraction and Separation of Nucleic Acids
2.1 DNA Extraction Techniques
2.2 RNA Extraction Techniques
3 Electrophoresis of Nucleic Acids
4 Restriction Mapping of DNA Fragments
5 Nucleic Acid Blotting and Hybridization
5.1 Hybridization and Stringency
6 Production of Gene Probes
6.2 Non-radioactive DNA Labelling
6.3 End Labelling of DNA
6.4 Random Primer Labelling of DNA
6.5 Nick Translation labelling of DNA
7.1 Stages and Components of the PCR
7.2 Thermostable DNA Polymerases
7.3 Primer Design in the PCR
7.4 PCR Amplification Templates
7.5 Sensitivity of the PCR
7.6 Modifications of the PCR
7.7 Applications of the PCR
8 Alternative Amplification Techniques
9 Nucleotide Sequencing of DNA
9.1 Dideoxynucleotide Chain Terminators
9.2 Direct PCR Sequencing
9.3 Cycle Sequencing
9.4 Automated Fluorescent DNA Sequencing
9.5 Maxam and Gilbert Sequencing
7 The Polymerase Chain Reaction
10 Bioinformatics and the Internet


Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours


3.           Bioinformatics


Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Importance and Basic principles
2 Databases
2.1 Sequence Databases
2.1.1 Nucleic Acid Sequence Databases
2.1.2 Protein Sequence Databases
2.1.3 Protein Family and Motif Databases
2.2 Genome Databases
2.3 Enzyme Databases
2.4 Literature Databases
2.4.1 Medline
2.4.2 BIDS Embase
2.4.3 BIDS IS1 Citation Indexes and Index to Scientific and Technical Proceedings (ISTP)
3 Sequence Analysis
3.1 Sequence Database Searching
3.1.1 Keyword Searching
3.1.2 Database Scanning
3.2 Pairwise and Multiple Sequence Comparisons and Alignments
3.2.1 Pairwise Comparisons
3.2.2 Multiple Sequence Alignments
3.2.3 Improving the Alignment
3.2.4 Profile Searching
3.3 Other Nucleic Acid Sequence Analysis
3.3.1 Gene Identification
3.3.2 Restriction Mapping
3.3.3 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
4 Protein Structure
5 Mapping
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Linkage Analysis
5.3 Physical Mapping
5.4 Radiation Hybrids
5.5 Primer Design
6 Bioinformatics Sites and Centres
6.1 Local Bioinformatics Services
6.2 National EMBnet Nodes
6.3 Specialized Sites
7 Conclusion and Future Prospects

Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours

4.           Recombinant DNA Technology


Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Importance and Basic principles
2 Constructing Gene Libraries
2.1 Digesting Genomic DNA Molecules
2.2 Ligating DNA Molecules
2.3 Considerations in Gene Library Preparation
2.4 Genomic DNA Libraries
2.5 cDNA Libraries
2.6 Linkers and Adaptors
2.7 Enrichment Methods for RNA
2.8 Subtractive Hybridisation
2.9 Cloning PCR Products
3 Cloning Vectors
3.1 Plasmid Derived Cloning Vectors
3.1.1 Plasmid Selection Systems
3.1.2 pUC Plasmid Cloning Vectors
3.2 Virus-based Cloning Vectors
3.2.1 Insertion and Replacement Cloning Vectors
3.3 M 13 and Phagemid-based Cloning Vectors
3.3.1 Cloning into Single-stranded Phage Vectors
3.4 Cosmid-based Cloning Vectors 91
3.6 Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC) Cloning Vectors
3.5 Large Insert Capacity Cloning
3.7 Vectors Used in Eukaryotic Cells
4 Gene Probes and Hybridisation
4.1 Cloned DNA Probes
4.2 RNA Gene Probes
5 Screening Gene Libraries
5.1 Colony and Plaque Hybridisation
5.2 Gene Library Screening by PCR
5.3 Screening Expression cDNA Libraries
5.4 Hybrid Select/Arrest Translation


Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours

  
Recombinant DNA Technology (continued)

Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days



6 Applications of Gene Cloning
6.1 Sequencing Cloned DNA
6.2 In vitro Mutagenesis
6.3 Oligonucleotide-directed Mutagenesis
6.4 PCR- based Mut agenesis
7 Expression of Foreign Genes
7.1 Production of Fusion Proteins
7.2 Expression in Mammalian Cells
7.3 Display of Proteins on Bacteriophage
8 Analysing Genes and Gene Expression
8.1 Identifying and analysing mRNA
8.2 Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)
8.3 Analysing Genes in situ
8.4 Transgenics and Gene Targeting
9 Microarrays and DNA Chips
10 Analysing Whole Genomes
10.1 Physical Genome Mapping
10.2 Gene Discovery and Localisation
10.3 Human Genome Mapping Project




5.           The Expression of Foreign DNA in Bacteria


Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Importance and Basic principles
2 Control of Gene Expression
2.1 Prokaryotes
2.2 Eukaryotes
3 The Expression of Eukaryotic Genes in Bacteria
3.1 Introns
3.2 Promoters
3.3 Ribsome Binding Site
3.4 Expression of Foreign DNA as Fusion Proteins
3.5 Expression of Native Proteins
4 Detecting Expression of Foreign Genes
5 Maximising Expression of Foreign DNA
5.1 Optimising Expression in E. coli
6 Alternative Host Organisms
7 Future Prospects


Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours

6.    Downstream Processing: Protein Extraction and Purification


Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Importance and Basic principles
2 Cell Disruption
2.1 Enzymic Methods of Cell Disruption
2.2 Chemical Methods of Cell Lysis
2.2.1 Alkali
2.2.2 Detergents
2.3 Physical Methods of Cell Lysis
2.3.1 Osmotic Shock
2.3.2 Grinding with Abrasives
2.3.3 Solid Shear
2.3.4 Liquid Shear
3 Initial Purification
3.1 Debris Removal
3.2 Batch Centrifuges
3.3 Continuous-flow Centrifugation
3.4 Basket Centrifuges
3.5 Membrane Filtration
4 Aqueous Two-phase Separation
5 Precipitation
5.1 Ammonium Sulfate
5.2 Organic Solvents
5.3 High Molecular Weight Polymers
5.4 Heat Precipitation


Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours


Downstream Processing (continued)

Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days



6 Chromatography
6.1 Scale-up and Quality Management
6.2 Method Selection
6.3 Selection of Matrix
6.4 Gel Filtration
6.5 Ion Exchange Chromatography
6.6 Affinity Chromatography
6.7 Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography
6.8 High Performance Chromatographic Techniques
6.9 Perfusion Chromatography
6.10 Expanded Bed Adsorption
6.1 1 Membrane Chromatography
6.12 Maintenance of Column Packing Materials
6.13 Equipment for Large-scale Chromatography
6.14 Control and Automation
7 Ultrafiltration
8 Design of Proteins for Purification
8.1 Inclusion Bodies
8.2 Affinity Tails
9 Future Trends




7.          Yeast Cloning and Biotechnology


Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Importance and Basic principles
2 Gene Manipulation in S. cerevisiae
2.1 Introducing DNA into Yeast
2.2 Yeast Selectable Markers
2.3 Vector Systems
3 Heterologous Protein Production
3.1 The Source of Heterologous DNA
3.2 The Level of Heterologous mRNA Present in the Cell
3.3 The Amount of Protein Produced
3.4 The Nature of the Required Product
4 Using Yeast to Analyse Genomes, Genes and Protein-Protein Interactions
4.1 YAC Technology
4.2 Gene Knockouts
4.3 Novel Reporter Systems
5 Future Prospects


Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours



8.           Cell culture and Cloning Genes in Mammalian Cell-lines   Stem Cell Technology


Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Importance and Basic principles
2 Methods of DNA Transfection
2.1 Calcium Phosphate Co-precipitation
2.2 DEAE-Dextran
2.3 Electroporation
2.4 Protoplast Fusion
2.5 Lipofection
2.6 Polybrene-DMSO Treatment
2.7 Microinjection
2.8 Scrapefection
3 Requirements for Gene Expression
4 The DNA Component
4.1 Use of Vectors
4.2 Plasmid-based Vectors
4.3 Virus-based Vectors
4.4 Adrenovirus Vectors
4.5 Retrovirus Vectors
4.6 Poxviral Vectors
4.7 Baculovirus Vectors
5 Some Considerations in Choice of Cell-line
6 Transient versus Stable Expression
6.1 Selection by Host Cell Defect Complementation
6.2 Dominant Selective Techniques
6.3 Amplifiable Selection Systems


Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours

9.           Transgenesis and Gene Therapy


Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Importance and Basic principles
2 The Production of Transgenic Animals by Microinjection
2.1 Transgenic Mice
2.2 Transgenic Rats
2.3 Choice of Animal
2.4 Applications of Micro-injection Techniques to Other Animals
2.5 Animal Cloning
3 Embryo Stem Cell Technology, Homologous Recombination and Transgenesis
4 General Considerations
4.1 The Construct
4.2 Aberrant Expression
5 Design of the Transgenic Experiment
5.1 Investigating Gene Expression
5.2 Reduction of Gene Function
5.3 Cell Ablation
5.4 Conditional Gene Alteration
5.4.1 Inducible Gene Targeting Using the
5.4.2 Tet racycline/Tamoxi fen Cre-lox System
6 Commercial Applications
6.1 Biopharmaceuticals in Transgenic Animals
6.2 Xenografts
6.3 Toxicological Applications
6.4 Immortomouse
7 Future Prospects


Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours

10.      Genetically Modified Foods and Biosafety Issues


Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Importance and Basic principles
2 Legal Requirements in the Production of Novel Foods and Processes
3 Foodcrops
4 Food Animals
5 Current Trends in Manufactured Foods
6 Consumer Acceptance and Market Forces


Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours


11.      Protein Engineering


Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Importance and Basic principles
1.1 Protein Structures
2 Tools
2.1 Sequence Identification
2.2 Sequence Determination and Modelling
2.3 Sequence Modification
2.3.1 Site-directed Mutagenesis Methods
2.3.1.1 Non-PCR Methods
2.3.1.2 PCR-based Methods
2.4 Molecular Evolution
2.5 de novo Sequence Design
2.6 Expression
2.7 Analysis
3 Applications
3.1 Point Mutations
3.1.1 Betaseron/Betaferon (Interferon /3- 16)
3.1.2 Humalog (Lispro Insulin)
3.1.3 Novel Vaccine Adjuvants
3.2 Domain Shuffling (Linking, Swapping and
3.2.1 Linking Domains
3.2.1.1 Domain Fusions for Cell Targeting
3.2.1.2 Fused Cytokines
3.2.1.3 Fusions to Stabilize Dimeric Proteins
3.2.2 Swapping Protein Domains
3.2.2.1 Chimaeric Mouse-Human
3.2.2.2 Polyketide Synthases (PJCSs) Antibodies
3.2.3 Deleting Domains
3.3 Whole Protein Shuffling
3.4 Protein-Ligand Interactions
3.4.1 Enzyme Modifications
3.4.2 Hormone Agonists
3.4.3 Substitution of Binding Specificities
3.5 Towards de novo Design
3.5.1 de novo Design
4 Conclusions and Future Directions


Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours

12.      Monoclonal Antibodies


Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Importance and Basic principles
2 Antibody Structure
3 Preparation of Hybridomas by Somatic Cell Fusion
3.1Principle of the Technology
3.2 Choice of Myeloma Cell-line
3.3 Choice of Host for Production of Immune B-cells
3.4 Immunogen and Route of Immunization
3.5 Preparation of Myeloma Cell-line and Host Immune Lymphocytes for Fusion
3.6 Hybridoma Formation by Somatic Cell Fusion
3.7 Screening Hybridoma Culture Supernatants
3.8 Cloning Hybridomas
3.9 Bulk Production, Isolation and Purification of Monoclonal Antibodies
3.9.1 Bulk Production
3.9.2 Isolation and Purification
4 Examples of the Preparation of Rat Monoclonal Antibodies Which Have Been Used to Investigate the Structural and Functional Properties of Macromolecules
 4.1 HIV I gp120
4.2 mAbs to Growth Factor Receptors
4.3 Monoclonal Antibodies for Clinical Application


Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours


Monoclonal Antibodies (continued)

Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

5 Generation of Monclonal Antibodies Using Recombinant Gene Technology
5.1 Isolation of Immunoglobulin Variable Region Genes and Expression on the Surface of Bacteriophage
5.1.1 Isolation of mRNA for VH and VL and Generation of cDNA
5.1.2 PCR Amplification of cDNAs for Antibody VH and VL
5.1.3 Linking of VH and VL to Give scFv
5.1.4 Insertion of scFv into Phagemid Vector
5.1.5 Expression of scFv on the Surface of Bacteriophage
5.1.6 Screening Phage Display Libraries of Immunoglobulin Genes
5.1.7 Preparation of Soluble scFv
5.1.8 Screening Supernatants Containing Soluble scFv
6 Monoclonal Antibodies in Biomedical Research
7 Monoclonal Antibodies in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease


Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours

13.    Vaccination and Gene Manipulation

Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Infectious Disease - The Scale of the Problem
2 Current Vaccination Strategies
2.1 Inactivated Vaccines
2.2 Live Attenuated Vaccines
2.3 The Relative Merits of Live versus Killed Vaccines
3 The Role of Genetic Engineering in Vaccine Identification, Analysis and Production
3.1 Identification and Cloning of Antigens with Vaccine Potential
3.1.1 DNA/Oligonucleotide Hybridization
3.1.2 Hybrid Selection and Cell-free Translation
3. I .3 Expression Cloning
3.1.4 Genomic Sequencing
3.2 Analysis of Vaccine Antigens
3.2.1 B-cell Epitopes
3.2.2 T-cell Epitopes
3.3 Generation of Subunit Vaccines
3.3.1 Expression of Potential Vaccine Antigens
4 Improvement and Generation of New Live Attenuated Vaccines
4.1 Improving Current Live Attenuated Vaccines
4.1.1 New Vaccines for Pseudorabies Virus
4.1.2 Improving Attenuation in Vibrio
4.1.3 Improving Stability - Poliovirus


Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10     ours


Vaccination and Gene Manipulation (continued)

Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

4.2 Recombinant Live Vectors
4.2.1 Vaccinia Virus Recombinants
4.2.2 Recombinant BCG Vaccines
4.2.3 Attenuated Salmonella Strains as Live Bacterial Vaccines
4.2.4 Poliovirus Chimaeras
4.2.5 Cross-species Vaccination, ‘Live-dead’ Vaccines
4.2.6 Other Virus Vectors
4.2.7 Recombinant E. coli Strains
5 Other Approaches to Vaccines
5.1 DNA Vaccines (Genetic Immunisation) cholerae
5.1.1 Optimizing Responses
5.1.2 RNA Immunisation
5.2 Peptide Vaccines
5.3 Anti-idiotypes
5.4 Enhancing Immunogenitity and Modifying Immune Responses
5.4.1 Adjuvants, Carriers and Vehicles
5.4.2 Carriers
5.4.3 Mucosal Immunity
5.4.4 Modulation of Cytokine Profile
5.4.5 Modulation by Antigen Targeting
5.4.6 Modulation of Signalling
6 Summary and Conclusions



14.      Biotechnology and  Diagnostics


Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Importance and Basic principles
2 Direct Detection of Gene Mutations
2.1 Detection of Deletions, Duplications and Insertions
2.2 Expansion Mutations
2.3 Point Mutations
2.3.1 Allele-specific Oligonucleotides
2.3.2 Restriction Enzyme Site Analysis
2.3.3 ‘ARMS’
2.3.4 Oligonucleotide Ligation
2.3.5 Fluorescently Labelled DNA Sequencing
3 Indirect Diagnosis with Linked Genetic Markers
4 Future Prospects


Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours

15.      Biotechnology in Forensic Science


Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Importance and Basic principles
2 MLP and SLP Technology
2.1 MLP/SLP Methods
2.1.1 Extraction and Purification of the DNA
2.1.2 Quantitation
2.1.3 Restriction Endonuclease Digestion of DNA
2.1.4 Electrophoretic Separation
2.1.5 Hybridization
2.2 Analysis of Results
3 PCR Technology
3.1 The First PCR-based Forensic System
4 Short Tandem Repeats
4.1 Method
4.1.1 Extraction of DNA
4.1.2 Quantitation of DNA
4.1.3 Amplification of DNA
4.1.4 Separation of Products
5 Databases
6 Interpretation of the Results
7 Mitochondria1 DNA
8 Y Chromosome Analysis
9 Recent developments
9.1 Capillary Electrophoresis
9.2 DNA Chip Technology


Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours

16.      Applicatiion of BT in Pharmaceutical Research


Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Importance and Basic principles
2 Molecular Biology of Disease and in vivo Transgenic Models
3 Genomic Protein Targets and Recombinant Therapeutics
4 Structural Biology and Rational Drug Design
5 Chemical Biology and Molecular Diversity
6 Gene Therapy and DNA/RNA-Targeted Therapeutics
7 Future Prospects in Pharmaceutical Research
8 Conclusions


Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours

17.      Immobilization of Biocatalysts


Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Importance and Basic principles
2 Biocatalysts
2.1 Enzymes
2.1.1 Specificity
2.1.2 Catalytic Power
2.2 Ri bozymes
2.3 Abzymes
2.4 Multienzyme Complexes
2.4.1 PDC
2.4.2 Proteosome
2.4.3 Cellulosome
2.4.4 Multienzyme Complexes and Immobilization Technology
2.5 Cells
2.5.1 Animal Cells
2.5.2 Plant Cells
2.5.3 Microorganisms (Bacteria, Yeast and Filamentous Fungi)
2.6 Biocatalyst Selection
3 Immobilization
3.1 Choice of Support Material
3.1.1 Next Generation of Support Material
3.2 Choice of Immobilization Procedure
3.2.1 Adsorption
3.2.2 Covalent Binding
3.2.3 Entrapment
3.2.4 Encapsulation
3.2.5 Cross-linking
4 Properties of Immobilized Biocatalysts
4.1 Stability
4.2 Catalytic Activity
5 Applications

Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours


18.      Biosensors


Learning Objectives

Contents
Laboratory aids

Hours / days


At the end of the course, students will:

1 Importance and Basic principles
2 The Biological Reaction
3 Theory
4 Electrochemical Methods
4.1 Amperometric Biosensors
4.2 Potentiometric Biosensors
4.3 Conductimetric Biosensors
5 Calorimetric Biosensors
6 Piezoelectric Biosensors
7 Optical Biosensors
7.1 Evanescent Wave Biosensors
7.2 Surface Plasmon Resonance
8 Whole Cell Biosensors
9 Immunosensors

Lecture –
12 hours

Practical –
24 hours

Seminars-
4 hours

Discussion-
10 hours

ATTAINMENT OF OBJECTIVES

Type
Action
Who will do?
Explanation / Comment
Short term
(two year)
Finalization of curriculum, define the requirements (including human power, and laboratory facilities), selection of institutes, and start course in two places.
GoB

Intermediate
(next five years)
Total review of process and assurance of the quality of the first initiatives.
GoB and Private

Start courses in five more institutes


Long term
(next ten years)
Quality improvement
PPP

Start course in 20 more institutes
GoB and Private


No comments:

Post a Comment